In an effort to ease the public’s concern over anthrax scares and explain the Madison Police Department’s response to the incidents, the department is distributing informational brochures.

The MPD began handing out information Monday about handling suspicious items, anthrax indicators and general anthrax statistics.

“The Madison Police Department is dedicated and committed to the protection of our community and will investigate every reported incident,” the MPD said in a statement.

When an initial threat is suspected, an officer will be dispatched to determine threat level. The officer will make his or her determination based on criteria such as unusual weight and noises, protruding wires, odors or stains and any other abnormalities.

If the item has been deemed suspicious, the officer may contact other agencies for assistance.

Police suggest paying close attention to items from someone unfamiliar, items of unusual weight, items marked “personal” or “confidential” and items with excessive postage.

The MPD has received numerous anthrax reports recently. However, in each of these cases the substance involved has tested negative for anthrax.

In the U.S., the annual incidence of human anthrax has steadily declined, from about 127 cases in the early 20th century to less than one case per year currently.

Anthrax can appear in three different forms — through contact, inhalation or ingestion. Anthrax symptoms are similar to those of the flu: fever, malaise, fatigue, cough and mild chest discomfort.

To decontaminate items exposed to anthrax, soak the item in bleach for several hours. In the case of skin contact, thoroughly wash with soap and water and immediately seek medical assistance.

Additional information about anthrax can be found at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, (202) 324-0259, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (770) 488-7100 and the MPD non-emergency, 266-4275.