Opinion
Prop 8 a failure for equal rights
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Also by Hannah Shtein:
- Take time to find a valuable career (October 28, 2009)
- 'Sknork' crisis in Delaware calls for educator rationality (October 13, 2009)
- Prop 8 a failure for equal rights (November 25, 2008)
- Sarah Palin; transparent ploy and second-class public servant (September 17, 2008)
- U.S. falls behind on net neutrality (April 24, 2008)
Evidently, the United States is not proficient in either math or history. In fact, California recently failed a multiple choice test with only one question. If you haven’t guessed, that test is called Proposition 8. In light of this underachievement on the part of the United States, a history lesson is in order. Let’s crack open our handy review booklet, titled “The Constitution.” I know, nobody’s looked at it in ages, right? But maybe we can find a helpful hint as to why California failed its finals this month.
Let’s open our lesson books to the 14th Amendment, to the section titled The Equal Protection Clause. Here we have a little tidbit that says, “No state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Pretty confusing stuff; so let’s look at an example we’ve seen before. In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court declared the “separate but equal” facilities that segregated blacks from whites unconstitutional. The court ruled the inferior nature of the facilities assigned to black Americans demonstrated a denial of equal protection under the law. Clearly, not everyone liked this idea. Among the most famous cases of rebellion against the Brown ruling is the case of Little Rock High School in Arkansas, in which the governor of Arkansas enlisted the state national guard to block black students from entering the high school.
However, because the Supreme Court pronounced “separate but equal” unconstitutional, then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower had the federal authority to force desegregation of the high school. To put it in the most euphemistic terms possible, the governor of Arkansas did not “get it.” He and countless others did not accept the importance of and need for desegregation. Regardless, the federal government had the authority to override state laws in favor of separate facilities.
We can’t know exactly what would have happened without this centralized mandate, but I think I can safely say it would not have been auspicious for the desegregation movement. Part of the reason the segregation policies of the pre-Brown era are now viewed as an embarrassment is because the Supreme Court ruling did not allow states the choice between segregated and integrated schools. Only after the enforcement of desegregation did the U.S. come to a more complete understanding of its necessity. Thus, federal intervention played a key role in integration.
A student who does poorly in school and does not study will almost always improve when he does spend time studying. Sometimes, a parent or a tutor must press the student to do this. In the case of the United States, the federal government needs to be that tutor. The Supreme Court must recognize that failure to allow and to honor same-sex marriage is an infringement upon every American’s right to equal legal protection. The passing of Proposition 8 demonstrates that, just as with the Brown ruling, not everyone is ready to embrace equality. And if this is the case, then federal authorities must interfere, and force states to recognize Constitutional rights. Proposition 8 is proof of the fact that some states cannot, or will not, understand that the legal limitations same-sex couples face make their unions “inherently unequal” to heterosexual partnerships. Among other rights, homosexuals cannot receive family-related Social Security benefits, cannot make decisions for each other in the event of a medical emergency, and cannot continue to purchase health care for a domestic partner after the loss of a job. A heterosexual couple, however, is legally entitled to these rights. Because the Constitution is “the supreme law of the land,” state judges must comply with its mandates. Thus, in the infringement of Constitutional rights, federal law trumps state law. It is therefore the responsibility of central authorities to intervene on behalf of the principle of equal protection. Otherwise, we risk a historical stain that will echo the legacy of discrimination we have sought to erase.
Hannah Shtein (hshtein@wisc.edu) is a junior majoring in philosophy.
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IP hash: 07028cd4
Oh my gosh, my head is going to explode if I read another gay marriage article! Give it a break.
IP hash: 557b2368
Actually, you fail to realize that gays and straights DO have the exact same marriage rights, the right to marry someone of the opposite sex. If you say “Well, they don’t have the right to marry the person they love,” well, that’s true, but neither do straight people, as the idea of “love” is NEVER mentioned anywhere in marriage statutes.
IP hash: f848bb3f
I’m sorry, but if you’re looking for the SCOTUS to do anything on gay marriage, you’re going to have to probably wait at least 17 years. The current SCOTUS, very simply, would not find gay marriage to be a constitutional right. I do not think Justice Kennedy would be a reliable swing vote in that area. The composition of the Supreme Court likely won’t change until Scalia or Thomas retire. They aren’t going to retire in the next eight years, and if another Democrat follows Obama they’ll try to hold on until the 2024 election. Should a democrat win again, then we might get a retirement of those two and a significantly more liberal SCOTUS.
IP hash: 558510f4
Actually, Hannah, I think it would be good to watch gays and lesbians squirm for awhile. They’ve been real a-holes over the past few years, especially that bitch Rosie O’Donnell. I can’t believe they’re letting her have her own show! Like we haven’t been tortured enough already?!
IP hash: 70642d0d
Should there be ANY restrictions on who can marry who?
Should the state sanction marriage between any two individuals?
Would civil unions be enough or should religions be forced to accomodate any marriage between any two individuals?
PS. The Christians and Mormons although against gay marriage, don’t seem to calling for the murder of gays. Shouldn’t there be some protests against religions that mandate murder of all gay people?
IP hash: 11efc094
Should ‘marriage’ include the unions of father and daughter, mother and 3 daughters, 5 siblings, a child and an adult, 3 adults and 5 children? By the current claims of “violation of civil rights” purported by the homosexual crowd, anyone seeking any of these unions would have their “civil rights violated” by not being allowed to ‘marry’ and share the economic benefits concurred on a hetrosexual male husband and female wife.
Why not have marriage of an individual to a tree, or a car, or a snake? Then the individual could share insurance and estate privleges with their “partner”. Surley their supposed ‘civil rights’ should be supported as well??!!
You don’t have to invoke religion of any sort to show that their claim of ‘civil rights to marry’ is just nonsense.
A shtudent who does poorly in logic and instead shtudies philosophy will almost always improve when she does spend time shtudying logic. Sometimes, a parent or a tutor must press the shtudent to do this.
Back to the books, Ms. Shtein!
IP hash: 88a9ea30
Is this really a 14th Amendment issue as you pretend? As you point out, the amendment says: “No state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
But then, very quickly, you finish your syllogism by saying: “Proposition 8 is proof of the fact that some states cannot, or will not, understand that the legal limitations same-sex couples face make their unions “inherently unequal” to heterosexual partnerships.”
Of course, as any elementary logic student recognizes, this is a case of equivocation. In the 14th Amendment is “equal protection” is afforded to every “person,” but then you shift the term to apply to “couples” and “partnerships.” The Constitution says NOTHING about presumed “rights” possessed by “couples” or “partnerships.” Couples don’t have rights, individual people do.
Every adult citizen of the U.S. is entitled to marry another adult citizen as individuals. No homosexual “person” is denied the individual right to marry, and exercising that right does not require the redefinition of “marriage” as between one man and one woman. In other words, any homosexual man is free under the law to marry one woman. Any homosexual woman is free to marry one man.
But by shifting the locus of “rights” to “partnerships” and “couples” you aim to accomplish what cannot be done by direct reason — a redefinition of the legal and social institution of “marriage.” Indeed, the argument is one of definition, not “rights.” And, only by relocating “rights” can you manage to ignore the essential element of the marriage definition: a relationship that produces and nurtures children. It has always been defined this way in law from the foundation of civilization.
Homosexual “marriage” cannot accomplish that, and to suggest that gay unions are somehow the same as heterosexual marriage is to suggest a blurring of logical categories that is absurd, for it leaves out the very thing that distinguishes marriage from all other interpersonal “partnerships.”
Of course, as well, as soon as you dispense with that essential constitutive element, you have no grounds upon which to object to all manner of “partnerships” claiming “equal” protection. Are five or ten people or a hundred in a “marriage” partnership also entitled to “equal protection?” Who are you to deny them on the basis of your numerical bias in favor of a “couple?”
IP hash: f848bb3f
3:10, most of the other restrictions on marriage (bigamy and incest) could point to other policy reasons to not allow those marriages that opponents of gay marriage cannot. Bigamy and incest are rife with abuse, largely towards young females. A lot of those situations really seem to be more along the lines of institutionalized rape of adolescent girls. There are major concerns as far as any real form of consent is concerned.
Beyond that, a lot of your examples are completely preposterous. A marriage requires consent from both parties. As I stated before, there are a lot of concerns with actual consent in the cases of bigamy, incest, and marriage to minors. A car, a snake, a tree, or any other non-human animal, plant or inanimate object are completely incapable of consenting. Gay marriage, very simply, has no consent concerns, and no greater policy concern except that a lot of people either find it icky or it is against their religious beliefs. Neither are good grounds for making a policy argument.
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Dear 3:10,
Philosophy IS logic. Kthanksbye.
IP hash: 11efc094
Anonymous 3:57pm,
Your response is the most cogent and eloquent rebuttal of the specious “marriage is civil rights” claim by homosexuals I have had the pleasure of reading in the last 6 months.
You restore my faith that a quality education, as well as people of integrity and self respect, can still be found within the hallowed halls of UW - Madison.
Excellent! Excellent!! Excellent!!!
IP hash: 64ee6b2a
To Anyonymous @ 8:40am: “Actually, you fail to realize that gays and straights DO have the exact same marriage rights, the right to marry someone of the opposite sex.”
Using this exact same logic, a law which only allows marriage between two people of the same race treats everyone equally as well. If you were a consistent person, you would also have to agree with the following statement: “If everyone only had the right to marry someone of the same race, then everyone is being given the same rights. If everyone is given the same rights, then there are no problems with the law.”
So, I sure hope you disagree with yourself and realize that your argument is an unsound one.
IP hash: 6f4e2c4b
Sorry, 3:57, your theory was debunked when the Supreme Court held that laws banning interracial marriages violated the 14th Amendment about 4 decades ago.
Needless to say, no one here has shown any understanding of the 14th Amendment. Please, kiddies, leave the serious discussion of the 14th Amendment to judges, lawyers and law students. And I say this to politicians as well. Most of you don’t understand it, so please don’t mess with it.
IP hash: b212ad94
1908: Blacks and whites have equal protection. They each can marry any member of their own race under the existing laws. There is no reason to change the existing laws to redefine marriage.
IP hash: 462d43e3
@3:57,
You are pedantic—at best. So childless “marriages” are not really marriages by your reasoning? Your pretentious reply aside, you still have not disproven Hannah’s point regardless of your fresh out of logic 101 deductive reasoning.
IP hash: 34f51f46
While we’re at it, is there anything else we should ban gays from doing? Since gays are the minority, it is our duty as majority to oppress them, right?
Seriously, let’s have a vote to make them do something really super silly, like maybe wear stars on their shirts, or maybe we could gather them all together into a fun-sized summer camp… ha! that is just comic gold.
IP hash: 70642d0d
“Bigamy and incest are rife with abuse, largely towards young females.”
So add an age limit for young females - problem solved. Oh wait, that would be sexist. And ageist too I suppose.
My dad could have saved a LOT of money if he’d been able to marry my spinster sister and get on her medical insurance.
IP hash: 557b2368
8:40 here.
I never said I agree or disagree with any law, I’m simply sick of hearing people say that homosexuals don’t have equal rights. In the case of not being able to marry out of your own race, that was a prohibition for EVERYONE, and thus everyone was equal, just as EVERYONE has the same rights when is comes to marrying someone of the opposite gender.
IP hash: bb902e10
So far, no gay-rights activist has had the brass to burn a Qu’ran on the doorstep of a militant mosque where — forget marriage! — imams advocate the stoning of homosexuals.
IP hash: 04efb7ba
949a
Clearly you do not know what you are talking about when you start spouting off random numbers (how the hell did you come up with 17 years?).
Either way though, there is strong evidence to suggest that you are empirically wrong about J Kennedy. Kennedy’s opinions on equal rights for gays in previous cases (namely Romer v. Evans where he was the majority opinion) suggest strongly that he would vote against Prop 8. Like Prop 8, the constitutional amendment in Romer aimed to put gays in a different position than the rest of the population. Kennedy looked to the impact on gays, despite not naming them as a suspect class, as support for the invidiousness of the regulation. That’s a good sign for gay rights advocates, because it was even defeated under RATIONAL basis review.
Yeah, it’s not a guarantee, but no case is. What is important though is that Kennedy’s strong language in the opinion provides some solid support that he would go that way again.
IP hash: 04efb7ba
3:57
“Couples don’t have rights, individual people do.”
Well that might be true under a strictly textualist interpretation of the constitution. Unfortunately for you, that’s not the only, nor the always correct, way of interpreting it. Using your interpretation, which mind you abides by no constitutional norms outside of what you think is right (which is NOT the way to frame what is ultimately a legal argument) you’ll still be incorrect because you fail to consider the fact that standards do exist beyond mere conjecture to analyze these issues.
Here are a few ways you’re wrong:
First - couples do have various rights that are recognized under the constitution. Griswold v. Connecticut recognized a right to marital privacy, which has been well regarded and upheld since.
Second- you shift the focus, incorrectly, away from the individual. The issue is not the couple, it is the person. A person who is denied the same protection as another because of who they are will immediately trigger 14th amendment considerations. How much protection they are afforded is a matter of law that is difficult to understand with our murky jurisprudence on gay rights.
In the case of gays, it likely falls under a 14th amendment rational basis test. Whether that’s right or not, it still has to survive a determination of whether it is arbitrary, capricious or discriminatory. It likely is given our constitutional history ranging from Loving to Romer and Lawrence.
Third, gays are denied the right to marry gays. A quick review of Loving v. Virginia will remind us that denial of the rights to do certain things that others can do, can be a violation of the 14th amendment. In Loving a statute which barred blacks from marrying whites because of the state’s interest in the “racial integrity” of white citizens was struck down because it violated the 14th amendment due process clause. Sure, blacks could still marry anyone they wanted, provided they weren’t white. And better still it applied equally to everyone. Whites and Blacks were equally discriminated against. But you see, when you specifically carve out an exception based upon who the person is, you’re treading on difficult constitutional grounds and are likely liable of discrimination.
In this case, gays are denied the right to marry other gays. What your sexual orientation is matters greatly in your decision of who to marry, and for the state to proscribe your ability to be who you are, it effectively removes your liberty. That’s an important consideration behind 14th amendment analysis, and you’re missing that big time.
Point is, you can muddle this all you want with 14th amendment considerations that you think are important, but you’re totally wrong on the law. In the end that’s what matters when you’re arguing law. I suggest you peruse some case law because there are some arguments (Scalia’s dissent from Romer) out there that might defeat Ms. Shtein’s arguments, but you’re certainly not hitting any of them with your blathering.
IP hash: 8d96d0a6
“Why not have marriage of an individual to a tree, or a car, or a snake?”
The same arguments were used to justify banning interracial marriage not too long ago.
It’s good to see that bigots are at least equal opportunity about something.